Dental Implant Surface
Dental implant surface options
Dental implant surfaces are changing as more and more companeis try new things to slightly increase the success or BIC of their dental implants.
- HA and Calcium phosphate – material helps in early bone formation
- Grit blasted – Al2O or TiO2 should acid etch after to remove particles
- Acid etched – dual etch used
- Oxidized surface – increase thickness of oxide layer helps significantly
- SLA treatment good
Dental implant surface abbreviations
DAE=Dual Acid etched=HCl and sulfuric acid
SAE=sand blasted alumina particles and acid etched
SLA=sand blasted large grit and acid etched
AO=anodic oxidation
CO=carbon oxygen ion treatment
Background information on titanium dental implants
TiO2 layer and crystalline structure important. 4nm layer spontaneous when exposed to air 3 phases
- anatase
- rutile=hydrophilic=large contact angle
- brookite
Photofunctionalization of dental implants
Photofunctionalization changes TiO2 to the anatase form. This is super-hydrophilic and removes contaminations. It is also possible that there are oxygen vacancies on the surface as the surface changes from Ti4+ to Ti3+.
Steps for photofunctionalization
There are multiple protocols for this in the literature. Some times are much shorter than others.
UVC (λ= 250 ± 20 nm) with a 15W Philips lamp for 48 hours. Liu 2019 JOI has a great reference section as well.
Dental implant surface Research
Electrochemical anodization helps too? Lin 2012 Implant Dentistry
Osstem GSII I beleive is an ecample. Jeong 2012 Implant Dentistry
Fluoride surface no different BIC to anodized Choi 2012 Implant Dentistry
poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) solution mixed with 1α,25-diydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3) via an electrospray technique MAY stimulate bone growth Choi 2011 JOMI
CO BIC >SAE, DAE, AO
SB, DAE, BIC>SAE
BUT AO=SAE=DAE same in survival Sesma 2012 JOMI
AO>DAE,SBA for contact angle and removal torque rabbit Elias 2008
Medications, drugs, and additives that increase the bodies ability to osseointegrate.
The main medication seen in literature is the statin family. Both local and systemic use seem to improve osseointegration. A systemic review of the statin topic from Kellesarian in JOMI 2017 confirms this. Interestingly, statins also appear to help teeth heal better from root canals. I will bet that biological medications adalimumab (Humira) and infliximab (Remicade) will also help, since they help with bone healing in root canal teeth.
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